Protein Purification and Analysis Iii: Methods and Applications

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. The complexity and sheer number of proteins in a cell are impediments to identifying proteins of interest or purifying proteins for function and structure analysis. Thus, reducing the complexity of a protein sample or in some cases purifying a protein to homogeneity is necessary. Protein Purification and Analysis discusses varies aspect related to protein analysis. There are totally three volumes. This book is the last volume.

Chapter 1 describes in vivo and ex vivo approaches for determining the role of an olfactory receptor protein in the detection of its cognate agonist and various analogs. Surprising responses of the olfactory receptor to unrelated compounds is also discussed.

Chapter 2 reviews the recent studies on the features of PTEN in the signalling pathways involved in several diseases as emerging evidences suggest that PTEN enzymatic activity will not cover the entire mechanism of the ability.

Chapter 3 proposes site-directed mutagenesis approach for determining the structure-function relationships of neurotransmitter transporters. Both the benefits and limitations are discussed. In addition, basic methods and related experimental protocols for the site-directed mutagenesis study are reviewed.

Chapter 4 proposes a new approach for the structural-functional analysis of G protein-coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins, which is based on the use of synthetic peptides corresponding to functionally important regions of the proteins, and for the development of selective regulators of hormonal signalling systems on the basis of these peptides.

Chapter 5 discusses the use of solid-phase supports, mainly reversed-phase silica-gel, as a media on which to immobilize and react peptides in order to facilitate various protein chemistry analyses.

Chapter 6 summarizes the current evidence which supports the involvement of molecular mechanisms observed in the course of chondrocyte progression through the growth plate in cartilage matrix destruction in osteoarthritis.

Chapter 7 describes the role of flotillins and c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP) in the nuclear trafficking and membrane localization of FRS2.

Chapter 8 suggested that using 2D/3D LC-MS/MS and carbonate extraction plus Triton X-114 extraction of isolated microsomes should significantly improve the coverage of microsomal membrane proteome.

Chapter 9 provides comprehensive methods for the identification of aberrant hyper/hypo-methylated genes using the MeDIP-chip and MassARRAY. miRNAs, as small noncoding RNAs, not only regulate the expression of hyper/hypo- methylation genes directly but also regulate methylation levels and gene expression indirectly through histone and DNA methylation modification.

Chapter 10 discusses the effect of water molar tate on the properties and delivery profiles of dopamine from nanostructured sol-gel silica.

Chapter 11 attempts to solve the waste water recycle problem by using biorefinery approaches, as this approach could utilize wastewater without treatment or with only slight treatment prior to use.

Chapter 12 discusses how the combination of system analysis and information theory can be a reliable strategy for the determination of the Shannon entropy, bitrate and capacity of signaling pathways and genetic networks.